guinea pigs. The ulcer protective action of petroleum ether, benzene and chloroform fraction has been attributed to steroidal contents. Terephthalic acid demethyl ester (TADE), isolated from the leaf, exhibited protection against inflammation and bronchospasm in guinea pigs. Ethanolic extract of leaves showed significant anxiolytic effects on all the paradigms of anxiety, barbiturate hypnosis potentiation.
Pindrolactone, a lanostane-based triterpene lactone, isolated from the

Abelmoschus esculentus
(Linn.) Moench.

2 Abies webbiana Lindi.

leaves, showed mild activity against Gram-positive bacteria but exhibited potent antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria E. coli.
Abies webbiana Lindl.
Synonym A. spectabilis (D. Don) Spach.
Pinus webbiana Wall.
     Family Pinaceae.
Habitat The Himalayas from Kashmir to Assam at altitudes of
1,600—4,000 m.
English Indian Silver Fir, The West-Himalayan High-Level Fir, The East-Himalayan Fir.
Ayurvedic Taalisa, Taalisapatra, Taalisha, Patraadhya, Dhaatriparni, Dhaatripatra.

Unani Taalisapattar.

Siddha/Tamil Taalispatri.

Folk Badar, Chilrow, Morinda, Raisalla, Taalispatra. (Tallispatra, Taalispatri and Talespattre are also equated with the leaves of Cinnamomum tamala Nees.)
Action Expectorant, bronchial sedative, decongestant, anticatarrhal, antiseptic, carminative.
Key application Fir (Abies alba Miller) needle oil—in catarrhal illness of upper and lower respiratory tract (internally and externally); externally in rheumatic and neuralgic pains. Contraindicated in bronchial asthma and whooping cough. (German Commission E.)

A biflavonoid, abiesin, n -triacontanol, beta-sitosterol and betuloside are present in the leaves.
The essential oil from leaves contains alpha-pinene, l-limonene, deltacarene, dipentene, l-bornyl acetate and l-cardinene as major constituents.
Dosage Needles—2—6 g powder. (API Vol. IV.)
Abroma augusta Jacq.
Synonym Ambroma augusta Linn. f.

NEXT  PAGE

BACK