night vision, oedema due to injury and post surgery oedema.
Proanthocyanidin extract decreased hepatotoxicity of acetaminophen in mice. Grape polyphenols, extracted from skin and seeds decreased hepatic injury from alcohol, but had no effect on ethanol-induced lipid changes in rats. (Sharon M. Herr.)
Dosage Dried mature fruits—5— 10 g. (API, Vol. III.)
Vocanga foetida (Blume) Rolfe.
Synonym Orchipedafoetida Blume. Family Apocynaceae.
Habitat Indonesia; cultivated in Indian gardens.
Action Latex—used for treating fistula, pustules and tumours.
The bark contains a bitter alkaloid (yield 0.25%).
A related species, V grandfolia (Miq.) Rolfe has been introduced into the Indian Botanic Garden, Kolkata. All parts of the plant contain alkaloids which vary seasonally. The trunk bark contains as high as 2.72% of alkaloids on dry basis in November. The leaves contain a mixture of alkaloids (yield up to 1.23% on dry weight basis) containing vobtusine, vobtusine lactone and deoxyvobtusine.
Volutarella ramosa Roxb.
Synonym V divaricata Benth & Hook. f., in part.
Volutarella ramosa Roxb. 713
Tricholepis procumbens Wight. Amberboa divaricata Kuntge.
Family Compositae.
Habitat All over India, except West Bengal and eastwards.
Unani Baadaavard, Al-baavard, Shukaayi.
Folk Bhu-dandi, Sukaayi (Maharashtra).
Action Plant—deobstruent, aperient, febrifugal, styptic. Used for disorders of the liver. The mucilage is used in coughs.
The plant yielded a glucoside procumbenin A which yields an aglycone
procumbenidine and glucose on hydrolysis. Fructose, surcose, lactose and maltose are also present in the plant.
Shukaayi of Unani medicine is also known as Al-shukaayaa, Al-shaukatul-arabia and Arabian Thorn. The fruit and root are used in Unani medicine in chronic fevers and diseases of liver and intestines.
Baadaavard has also been equated with Tricholepisprocumbens Wight and Carduus bendictus. Tricholepis sp. are known as Brahmadandi in Ayurvedic medicine. Carduus nutans Linn. is known as Gul-Baadaavard in Kashmir and is used as febrifuge.
