SAMPRAPTHI
IN AYURVEDA
Several
etiological
factors
contributing
to diseases
and the
vitiation of
dosha attack
the body
every now
and then.
Some of them
can be
avoided by
adopting
proper
precautionary
measures
while some
factors like
kala, krimi,
desa etc.
are mostly
inevitable.
If the
body’s power
of
resistance
i.e.
vyadhikshamatva
is high and
dhatus,
srothas and
agni are
functioning
well the
body fights
against
etiological
factors
successfully
there by
maintaining
its health.
But of the
etiological
factors are
stronger
than the
resistance
power of the
body they
vitiate the
dosha and
indirectly
the dushya
also and the
process of
disease
starts.
The roga has
five means
of
diagnosis.
They are
nidana
(cause),
rupa (signs&
symptoms),
upasaya
(diagnostic
test) and
samprapthi
(mode of
manifestation
of disease).
According to
VAGBHATA
All the
stages from
the very
contact of
the body
with hethus
to the
development
of disease
including
all its
avasthas are
together
called
samprapthi
of disease.
Samprapthi
is also
called gathi
and agathi.
Every fact
connected
with a
process of
the disease
at its
various
stages is
considered
in detail
under
samprapthi.
Hence a
knowledge of
samprapthi
forms
essence of
nidana
panchaka and
vikrithi
vijnana.
The outcome
of
samprapthi
i.e. the
disease is
the
resultant
effect of
the war b/w
the factors
which fight
against the
disease and
those which
produce the
disease.
When the
factors like
dosha,
dushya,
desa, bala,
kala, agni,
prakruthi,
age, power
of mind,
diet and
behavior
remain
favorable to
health they
fight
against the
disease. But
when the
factors are
unfavorable
they help
the
formation of
disease and
also its
severity.
In the
definition
of
samprapthi
Vagbhata:-
emphasized
the
importance
of nature
and manner
of vitiation
of doshas as
also the
nature and
manner of
vitiation of
its spread
inclusive of
the role of
dhatus and
srothases.
Susrutha:-
stresses the
importance
of deformity
and
vitiation of
dhatus and
srothases.
Madhava &
Charaka: -
also attach
importance
to the same
aspect, but
they stress
more on the
site of
pathology
i.e. the
particular
organ of the
body.
The
importance
of srothas
lies in the
fact that
the same
dosha can
produce
different
types of
diseases
according to
the srothas
or the
particular
organ i.e.
the site in
the body it
gets lodged
where there
is a
deformed and
vitiated
site in the
srothas.
Vagbhata has
explained
this fact
cling the
e.g. of
kapha and
pitta which
produce
different
diseases
according to
the nature
of the site
or srothas
and the
dhatu
concerned.
VITIATION OF
DOSHA &
FORMATION OF
DISEASE
ACCORDING TO
THE TYPE OF
SITE
1. KAPHA
When it
becomes
lodged in
the skin it
produces
stiffness
and
whitishness
of the skin
it produces
pandu
(anemia)
when it is
lodged in
blood; when
lodged in
mamsa it
produces
tumours ,
cold
abscess,
heaviness
and
sensation of
being bound
with the wet
skin of a
dead animal.
When kapha
is lodged in
meda it
produces
obesity or
medoroga and
prameha,
when it
enters bones
it produces
stiffness,
whitishness
of the eye
is caused
when it
enters the
majja. When
kapha enters
sukra it
causes
accumulation
of sukra, or
its
obstruction
and gurutwa
in sukra.
When it
enters the
siras like
the blood
vessels,
lymphatics
etc. It
produces
stillness in
the
respective
organs. It
causes pain
in joints
when it
enters the
tendons and
ligaments(snayu)
and
distention
of the
abdomen,
lack of
taste ,
indigestion
etc, When it
penetrates
mahakoshta.
2. PITTA
When pitta
affects the
skin it
causes
blisters,
small pox
etc. When it
enters the
blood it
produces
visarpa or
erysipelas
or burning;
in mamsa it
cause
inflammation
or digestion
of tissues
and gangrene
formation,
in meda it
products as
burning
sensations
accompanied
by excessive
thirst and
perspiration.
When it
enters bones
it causes
excessive
burning
sensation
and yellow
colouration
in the eyes
and nails.
When it
eners majja
dhatu,
shukra
becomes
yellowish
with a foul
smell. When
pitta enters
koshta it
causes mada
thirst and
burning.
3. VATA
Vata being a
farmless
entity it
cannot
produce a
variety of
diseases in
each of its
sthanas or
sites, as
kapha and
pitta do.
Vata
produces
vatavyadhis
of that
particular
site or
organ. In
the joints
it produces
Sandhi vata,
in majja
dhatu kampa
(trimors),
stamba
(stillness)
etc. and in
mamsa, sula
or pain.
Knowledge of
dushya
vitiation is
as imp as
that o dosa
vitiation.
When the
intimity of
the
vitiation of
dhatu and
srothas
increases
and when the
more evolved
dhatus like
asthi, majja
& sukra are
affected the
gravity of
the disease
also
increases.
